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RECORD OF NATIVE BEES FOUND IN THE GREATER SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA REGION, WITH SOME OF THEIR LIKELY PLANT HOSTS

Compiled by Laura Arneson

 

This record excludes:

· parasitic bee species (bees which do not provision their own nests)

· bee species expected to be seen rarely or only occasionally in the Bay Area

 

Termsà

Polylectic = visits many different plants for pollen (and nectar)

Oligolege/Oligolectic = bee which/visits one or a few related plants for pollen

FAMILY, Subfamily, Tribe, Genus, Species [numbered; Subgenus in parentheses] =  Hierarchy of classification, from mostà least inclusive

 

 

FAMILY ANTHOPHORIDAE

This is the largest family of bees.  Most, except for the Xylocopinae, nest in the ground and are polylectic.

 

Subfamily:  ANTHOPHORINAE (a.k.a. digger bees)

 

Tribe:  EXOMALOPSINI

 

Genus:  Exomalopsis

 

[species likely in Bay Area]                           [floral visitation record]             [activity]

 

1.         E. (Anthophorula) albicans            /             polylectic:                                 5/30-10/5

low altitude                                     Eriogonum fasciculatum;    

Trichostema lanceolatum

Tribe:  EMPHORINI

 

Genus:  Diadasia

 

1.         D. nigrifrons            /                                   Oligolege of Sidalceae            4/9-8/5

            grasslands                                             Sidalcea malvaeflora

 

Tribe:  EUCERINI

 

Genus:  Melissodes

 

1.         M. (Callimeloissodes) lupina /             oligolege on composites:            5/20-10/6

                                                                        Adenostoma fasciculatum

                                                                        Asclepias

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Coreopsis

                                                                        Epibolum

                                                                        Erigoron

                                                                        Eriogonum latifolium; fascinculatum

                                                                        Helianthemum scoparium

                                                                        Heterotheca

                                                                        Iris

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Polygonum

                                                                        Rhamnus californica

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trichostema

                                                                        Trifolium

 

2.         M. (Eumelissodes) microsticta            olig summer composites:            6/1-8/1

            montane                                              Aster

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Solidago

 

3.         M. (Eumelissodes) pallidisignata             olig summer composites            7/14-9/29

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Solidago

 

4.         M. (Eumelissodes) paulula              olig summer composites:            9/8-10/6

            central valley                                        Baccharis emoryi

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Heterotheca

                                                                        Solidago

 

5.         M. (Eumelissodes) personatella            olig fall composites:                  9/22-10/6

            central valley                                        Eriogonum       

                                                                        Heterotheca

 

6.         M. (Eumelissodes) robustior                       olig summer composites:            6/26-9/14

                                                                        Coreopsis

                                                                       

7.         M. (Melissodes) tepida timberlakei            polylectic                                  4/25-9/29

            low elevation, not in desert               Artemisia

Asclepias eriocarpa

Coreopsis

Eriogonum fasciculatum

Plantago

Rosa

Trichostema

Trifolium

 

Genus:  Tetralonia [often referred to as Synhalonia for U.S. speices]

Not in alpine or desert communites

 

1.         T. acerba                                      oligolege on Arctostaphylos            4/4-7/6

            montane

 

2.         T. actuosa                                     polylectic                                  3/11-5/18

                                                                        Coreopsis californica

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Prunus ilicifolia

                                                                        Rhamnus

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Sambucus

                                                                        Trifolium

 

3.         T. cordleyi                                                polylectic                                  3/28-6/13

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Coreopsis maritima

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Sidalcea malvaeflora

                                                                        Trifolium

 

4.         T. dorsata                                     polylectic; legumes                    3/12-7/2

                                                                        Coreopsis

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Trichostema

 

5.         T. edwardsii                                              polylectic; legumes                    3/17-6/2

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Rhamnus

                                                                        Sidalcea malvaeflora

 

6.         T. frater albopilosa                                 polylectic; legumes                    3/21-5/29

                                                                        Deanothus

                                                                        Lupinus           

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Trifolium

 

7.         T. lunata                                       polylectic; legumes                    2/15-5/3

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Isomeris arborea

                                                                        Lupinus albifrons

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Ribes indecorum

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Sidalcea malvaeflora

                                                                        Solanum umbelliferum

                                                                        Trichostema

                                                                        Trifolium

 

8.         T. stretchii                                     Coreopsis maritima                   3/13-6/1

                                                                        Lupinus           

 

Tribe:  ANTHOPHORINI

 

Genus:  Anthophora

 

1.         A. (Anthophora) bomboides stanfordiana                                          4/26-7/7

            coastal                                                  polylectic:

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Rosa californiica

 

2.         A. (Anthophora) californica californica                                             4/19-5/30

                                                                        polylectic:

                                                                        Isomeris arborea

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Penstemon  spectabilis

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Solanum

 

3.         A. (Anthophora) crotchii             polylectic:                                 3/14-6/12

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Trichostema

 

4.         A. (Anthophora) edwardsii edwardsii                                                          2/11-5/10

                                                                        polylectic; legumes

                                                                        Berberis

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Ribes indecorum

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Solanum

                                                                        Prunus

 

5.         A. (Anthophora) neglecta                        polylectic; legumes                    3/6-7/27

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Isomeris arborea

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Rhus

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Trichostema

 

6.         A. (Anthophora) urbana urbana            polylectic; composites               6/1-10/31

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Artemesia

                                                                        Asclepias

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Epibolum

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Eriogonum fasciculatum; latifolium

                                                                        Hyptis emoryi

                                                                        Iris

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Mimulus

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Potentilla

                                                                        Rhus

                                                                        Ribes

                                                                        Rosa

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Solanum

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trichostema

                                                                       

Genus:  Emphoropsis                                       

 

1.         E. depressa                                               polylectic                                  3/28-5/9

            coast ranges                                      Arbutus manziesii

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Berberis

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Lupinus albifrons

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Ribes

                                                                        Salvia

 

Tribe:  CERATINI

Bees in this tribe made nests in hollow, pithy, and/or rotten stems, and sometimes in vines.

 

Genus:  Ceratina (a.k.a. dwarf carpenter bees)

 

1.         C. (Zadontomerus) acantha acantha            polylectic                                  3/21-9/10

            low-elevation, not in deserts             Arctostaphylos                                                                                                             Asclepias

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Baccharis pilularis

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Coreopsis

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Eriogonum fasciculatum; latufolium

                                                                        Fragaria

                                                                        Holodiscus discolor

                                                                        Lepechinia calycina

                                                                        Lonicera

                                                                        Malacothanmus

                                                                        Monardella villosa

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Physocarpus capitatus

                                                                        Rhamnus californicus

                                                                        Rosa

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Savlia

                                                                        Sambucus mexicana

                                                                        Satureja douglasii

                                                                        Sidalcea malvaeflora

                                                                        Sisyrinchium

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trifolium

 

2.         C. (Zadontomerus) nanula                        polylectic                                  3/25-7/27

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Asclepias

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Baccharis

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Epilobium

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Eriogonum fasciculatum; latifolium

                                                                        Lepechiniia

                                                                        Lupinus arboreus

                                                                        Mimulus

                                                                        Monardella villosa

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Plantago

                                                                        Prunus

                                                                        Rhamnus

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trichostema

                                                                        Trifolium

 

Tribe:  XYLOCOPINI

 

Genus:  Xylocopa (a.k.a. giant carpenter bees)

 

1.         X. californica californica                     polylectic                                  6/2-8/4

            sierra nevada, trinities, great basin            Asclepias

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Aesculus californica

                                                                        Lupinus albifrons

                                                                        Mentha

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Solidago

 

2.         X. tabaniformis orpifex              polylectic                                  3/14-9/28

            not in deserts or central valley            Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Asclepias

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Dicentra

                                                                        Lonicera

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Mimulus cardinalis

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Salivia

                                                                        Solanum

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trichostema

 

FAMILY APIDAE

 

Subfamily:  BOMBINAE

 

Tribe:  BOMBINI

 

Genus:  Bombus (a.k.a. bumblebees)

 

1.         B. (Pyrobumbus) bifarius neacticus            polylectic; composites               3/1-10/31

            coastal; montane                                   Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Artemesia

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Baccharis pilularis

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Epibolum

                                                                        Erigonom latifolium

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Mimulus

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Prunus

                                                                        Ribes

                                                                        Rhus

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Sidalcea malvaeflora

                                                                        Solidago

                                               

2.         B. (Fervidobombus) californicus            polylectic                                  2/1-10/1

                                                                        Coreopsis

                                                                        Dicentra

                                                                        Eriogonum

                                                                        Isomeris

                                                                        Lonicera

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Mentha

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Potentilla

                                                                        Ribes

                                                                        Rosa

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Sidalcea malvaeflora

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trichostema

                                                                        Trifolium

 

3.         B. (Pyrobombus) edwardsii                      polylectic                                  12/15-7/25

                                                                        Acer macrophyllum

                                                                        Arbutus menziesii

                                                                        Arctostaphylos

                                                                        Asclepias

                                                                        Baccharis

                                                                        Berberis

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Cercis

                                                                        Cercocarpus betuloides

                                                                        Epibolum

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Ergonum

                                                                        Hyptis

                                                                        Isomeris

                                                                        Lonicera

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Monardella villosa

                                                                        Myrica

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Rhamnus californicus

                                                                        Rhus

                                                                        Ribes

                                                                        Rosa

                                                                        Rhododendron

                                                                        Salix

                                                                        Salvia

                                                                        Scrophularia californica

                                                                        Solanum

                                                                        Solidago

                                                                        Trichostema

                                                                        Trifolium

 

4.         B. (Pyrobombus) flavifrons dimidiatus                                             3/25-8/25

                                                                        polylectic

                                                                        Aquilegia formosa

                                                                        Arabis

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Epibolum

                                                                        Erigeron

                                                                        Erigonum

                                                                        Lonicera

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Mentha

                                                                        Mimulus

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia

                                                                        Rhododendron

                                                                        Ribes

                                                                        Solidago

 

5.         B. (Bombus) occidentalis ocidentalis                                                        2/1-11/25

            major N. Cal. Bee                              polylectic

                                                                        Adenostema fasciculatum

                                                                        Aster

                                                                        Ceanothus

                                                                        Epilobium

                                                                        Eriogonum

                                                                        Lupinus

                                                                        Mentha

                                                                        Monardella

                                                                        Penstemon

                                                                        Phacelia