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Observation
The first step in establishing a butterfly garden involves the simple act of observation. Spend a few sunny afternoons at a local park, abandoned field and around your neighborhood. Take notes on any butterflies you see. These can be used to identify butterflies. There are many wonderful field guides available to help with identification. These are the butterflies most likely to be attracted to your garden. You may also want to investigate what butterflies might migrate through your area so that you can provide them with a resting spot as well. Be sure to note the habitat that you observed each type of butterfly in (marsh, meadow, chaparral, etc.)

Site
The next step is to choose an appropriate site in your garden. Butterflies require a sunny exposure that is protected from high winds. If your site is too shady, consider opening it up some, or choose a different site. Large shrubs can effectively block high winds as well as providing nectar for adult butterflies and food for their larvae. You may still want to consider using shrubs to provide shelter even if you have walls or fences that block the wind.

Habitat
Butterflies vary in their lifestyles and timing of their lifecycles. Remember in step one when you noted the habitats you observed the butterflies in? Now is the time to use that information. If you want to attract a particular butterfly to your garden, be sure to create a similar habitat. The more habitat types you provide, the larger the number, variety and length of stay you will encounter.

Plant Selection
The next step is plant selection. Butterflies typically need more than one plant type to complete their lifecycles. Many butterflies require one or just a few specific host plants to feed their larvae. The larva is the caterpillar stage of the butterfly life-cycle. You need to be sure to provide whatever plant is the food source for the larvae of the butterflies you want to attract. As adults, butterflies require good sources of nectar. Many plants are suitable nectar sources for a large variety of butterflies, and most butterflies can utilize a wide variety of flowers.

Other Considerations
There a few more pieces of the puzzle to be considered. Butterflies being cold-blooded need the sunlight to warm their muscles for flight. This is one reason you see them most frequently when and where it is warm and sunny. Try if possible to provide them with a resting spot in full sun where they can gather the warmth and energy to fly. South facing walls and large field stones are good choices. Butterflies also need a source of drinking water such as shallow mud or sand puddles. To help butterflies acquire certain minerals, you can add manure, table salt, and fruit pieces to the water. Last, yet possibly most important, is to refrain from using any pesticides/insecticides near your garden. Butterflies are extremely sensitive to these chemicals in all stages of their lives.

REFERENCES:
Butterflies and their Larval Food Plants, Peter J. Bryant http://manba.bio.uci.edu/Bbryant/biodiv/bflyplnt.htm
Gunnarson, Linda, Haselsteiner, Francis. LaFlaur, Markk. Butterfly Gardening. Creating Summer Magic in Your Garden. Xerces Society, 1989
Landscaping for Bay Area Butterflies, Prepared by Leslie Saul, 1992
Las Pilitas Butterfly List, http/laspilitas.com/butterfly.htm
Stewart, Bob. Common Butterflies of California. West Coast Lady Press, 1998
Notes on Larval Food Plants of some Bay Area Butterflies, Prepared by Jeff Caldwell

Plant List

We are building lists of which species of local butterflies are attracted to which plants, but are only just beginning this process.

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